科技术语翻译中的选词问题探讨——以转基因为例.docVIP

科技术语翻译中的选词问题探讨 “转基因”为例 张宜民 安徽农业大学外国语学院 科技术语翻译屮的不规范或讹误现象并非鲜见，主要体现在词义理解错误、择词 错误/不当。于是，术语翻译的首要问题在于选词(选义择词)，即确定词义， 并选择适当措辞。为了解决这个问题，必须根据横组合纵聚合理论，先构建某术 语的可行释义纵聚合语义场，弄清其准确词义，其次才能不断进行横组合搭配 演算确定恰当的术语表达，从而帮助译者选择最佳翻译方案。通过对术语“转基 因”的来源考证和重新演算，说明如何从纵聚合关系屮选择词义，如何在横组 合关系中搭配措辞;建议改译为“基因改良”或“基因移植”。 关键词： 科技术语翻译;横组合纵聚合理论;词义搭配浈算;术语改译; 张宜民，1975年生，男，安徽庐江人，副教授，研究方向:语言学。 收稿曰期:2017-04-23 基金：2014年安徽行哲学社会科学规划项目“《论语》英译的多视角融合研究” (AHSKY2014D140) On the Problem of Choosing Appropriate Words in Translating Scientific and Techonical Terms ZHANG Yi-min School of Foreign Languages，Anhui Agricultural University: Abstract： Errors in the translation of sci-tech terminology are not uncommon, which is mainly embodied in the error of comprehending the word meaning and the wrong/improper choice of words. As a result, the first question in terms of translation is to determine the meaning of the word and choose the appropriate wording. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to construct a feasible semantic field of a certain sci-tech term according to the Syntagmatic Paradigmatic Theory, to find out the exact meaning of the word, and then to determine the proper expression of the term by evaluating various feasible word combinations, which can help the translator to choose the best translation scheme. By researching the origin of the term “ transgenic/GM (genetically modified) ”，this paper shows how to choose the word meaning from paradigmatic relations and how to match the wording in syntagmatic relations, under the guidance of the syntagmatic paradigmatic theory. Suggestions of re-translating them were offered. Keyword： translation of sci-tech terminology; syntagmatic paradigmatic theory; semantic manipulation; retranslation of term; Received： 2017—04-23 一、术语翻译选词中的问题及分析 术语翻译选词中的问题。选词工作（确定词义+适当表达）是术语翻译的第一步 骤。术语翻译中，以讹传讹的现象不在少数。术语翻译选词冇误的主要原因在于 专业知识欠缺、术语本身难懂造成的理解困难，译者态度不够严谨，国内术语翻 译本身缺乏规范，等ui。术语本身的特点对于译者而言也是难点。术语命名具 有准确、单义、系统、正确、简明、理据、稳定、能产等诸多特点位1。这些方 面都增加了术语翻译选词的难度，很容易考虑不周。 术语翻译选词问题的解决路径。选词，即选义择词，贯穿于