[工程科技]大学英语2笔记.docVIP

福师《大学英语（2）》第一课 Nature 课堂笔记 Air Pollution 空气污染 Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live.①Air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases.②Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.③ 空气为我们提供生存所必不可少的氧气。空气中99.9 % 由氮气﹑氧气﹑水蒸气和惰性气体组成。 人类活动释放出的物质进入空气，其中的一些会对人类﹑植物和动物造成影响。 There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer.④Each of these problems has serious effects on our health and well-being as well as on the whole environment. 污染有几大类型，所造成的影响广为人知，也经常引发讨论, 包括烟尘﹑酸雨﹑温室效应和臭氧层“空洞”。这些问题已严重影响到我们的健康和幸福，也影响到整个环境。 One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke is a good example of this particular matter. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as black carbon pollution.⑤The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air.⑥Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quantities of soot into the air. 一类空气污染是在燃烧燃料获取能源时将粒子排放到空气中。柴油烟雾就是一个显著的例子。这种类型的污染有时被称为“炭黑”污染。汽车﹑住家及工业燃烧燃料所排出的废气是空气中一个主要的污染来源。 一些部门认为，即便是在壁炉中或是在烧烤时燃烧木材和木炭就能释放出大量的煤烟到空气中。 Another type of pollution is the release of harmful gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain.⑦ 另一类污染是有毒气体的排放，如二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氮氧化物及化学蒸气。一旦它们进入大气，就会产生更为剧烈的化学反应，形成烟雾和酸雨。 Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, es