外文翻译：LaidlawCase.docVIP

Laidlaw Case Environmental Citizen Suit 文 / 迈克尔 E 。 Michael E. 沃勒 Waller 美国环境诉讼中采取的“公民诉讼 (citizen suit) ”制度作为诸多途径中的一种受到了特别关注。 Environmental litigation in the United States to take the citizen suit system as in many ways a subject of special attention. 公民诉讼制度赋予公众成员及公益组织权力，通过法院来查处环境污染者的违法行为以及有关职能部门的环保失职行为。 Civil litigation system and community organizations to give members of the public powers to investigate and deal with environmental pollution through the courts of those offenses, as well as the functional departments of environmental dereliction of duty. ?? 在美国，公益诉讼制度的产生部分地承认了这样一个事实：美国政府永远不可能拥有足够的执法资源在全国范围内监测每一个污染源，而居住在污染源附近的公民常常是违法排污行为最经济和最有效的监控者。 In the United States, public interest litigation system in the production part of the recognition of the fact: the U.S. government never has enough of law enforcement resources to monitor each a source of pollution throughout the country, but sources close to the citizen illegal discharge behavior is often the most economic and The most effective control were. 在美国，公民诉讼对于环境执法状况改善起到的作用是不可估量的。 In the United States, civil litigation for the state to improve environmental law enforcement, the role is invaluable. 并且，尽管一些人担心此类诉讼的数量会非常庞大、法院会不堪滥诉行为的滋扰，但这样的现象并未发生。 And, although some people worry that the number of such litigation will be an enormous abuse of the Court of Appeal will be unbearable nuisance behavior, but this phenomenon did not happen. 不仅如此，在许多情况下，公民诉讼还成为联合公众与政府共同对抗环境违法行为的有效机制。 Moreover, in many cases, civil litigation has become a joint public and the governments fight against an effective mechanism for environmental violations. 美国公益性环境执法诉讼的法律框架 U.S. public interest environmental law enforcement, the legal framework for action 直到 19 世纪 .70 年代，美国的污染法律控制适用的还是普通法，例如妨害 (nuisance) 原则。 ntil the 19th century 70s, the United States, pollution control applicable law or common law, such as nuisance principle. 普通法的这些原则很难通过诉讼得到实施，并且它主要用于补偿重大事故的受害者，而不是从源头上阻止环境污染危害的发生。 These common law principles is difficult to be implem