[管理学]组织行为学 罗宾斯 12版本 第6章.pptVIP

What Is Motivation?  Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Maslow) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Assumptions of Maslow’s Hierarchy Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Separate Constructs Hygiene Factors—Extrinsic and Related to Dissatisfaction Motivation Factors—Intrinsic and Related to Satisfaction Comparison of Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction David McClelland’s Theory of Needs Matching High Achievers and Jobs Cognitive Evaluation Theory Goal-Setting Theory (Edwin Locke) Goal Setting in Action: MBO Programs What Is MBO? Cascading of Objectives Linking MBO and Goal-Setting Theory Why MBOs Fail Unrealistic expectations about MBO results Lack of commitment by top management Failure to allocate reward properly Cultural incompatibilities Self-Efficacy Self-Efficacy and Goal Setting Four Ways of Increasing Self-efficacy (Bandura) Reinforcement Theory Equity Theory Equity Theory (cont’d) Equity Theory (cont’d) Equity Theory (cont’d) Justice and Equity Theory Three Types of Justice Expectancy Theory Elizabeth’s boss starts out the day each morning saying, “Bet you wish you didn’t have to be here, huh?” Knowing this, which theory gives us insight as to why Elizabeth may not be motivated at work? Elizabeth’s boss my well be a Theory X manager, as she/he assumes employees don’t like work and/or want to be there. What theory would say that this man, who knows he works hard and is performing well, will be motivated by a gym membership for being a high performer? Ethical Values and Behaviors of Leaders Bottom Line All three links between the boxes must be intact or motivation will not occur. Thus, Individuals must feel that if they try, they can perform and If they perform, they will be rewarded and When they are rewarded, the reward will be something they care about. Chapter Check-up: Motivation Chapter Check-up: Motivation If you study really hard and only get a B on an exam, but your classmate barely studies at all