[工学]Shell程序设计.ppt

Shell的特点 1、把已有命令进行组合，构成新的命令，组合方式简单 2、可以用*？[]进行模式匹配 3、可以直接用shell内置命令，而不需创建新进程 cd echo exit pwd kill等 4、支持通配符、输入/输出重定向、管道等非常方便。 5、结构化 6、可后台运行 7、可配置环境 8、提供了高级命令语言，shell脚本可把可执行程序和命令结合起来当做新的命令使用。 Interactive Programs $ for file in * do if grep -l POSIX $file then more $file fi done posix This is a file with POSIX in it - treat it well $ Creating a Script #!/bin/sh # first # This file looks through all the files in the current # directory for the string POSIX, and then prints the names of # those files to the standard output. for file in * do if grep -q POSIX $file then echo $file fi done exit 0 # ls -l /usr/bin/[ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Oct 13 10:46 /usr/bin/[ - test if test -f fred.c then ... fi if [ -f fred.c ] then ... fi #!/bin/sh echo “Is it morning? Please answer yes or no” read timeofday if [ $timeofday = “yes” ]; then echo “Good morning” else echo “Good afternoon” fi exit 0 Is it morning? Please answer yes or no yes Good morning $ #!/bin/sh echo “Is it morning? Please answer yes or no” read timeofday if [ $timeofday = “yes” ] then echo “Good morning” elif [ $timeofday = “no” ]; then echo “Good afternoon” else echo “Sorry, $timeofday not recognized. Enter yes or no” exit 1 fi exit 0 #!/bin/sh echo “Is it morning? Please answer yes or no” read timeofday if [ “$timeofday” = “yes” ] then echo “Good morning” elif [ “$timeofday” = “no” ]; then echo “Good afternoon” else echo “Sorry, $timeofday not recognized. Enter yes or no” exit 1 fi exit 0 case与命令参数传递 可以使用case控制到脚本的参数传递。先测试特定变量$#(它包含传递的参数个数)。假如是一个参数的脚本。则: 如果不等于1，退出并显示可用信息。 然后case语句捕获参数并进行各种模式匹配。相对于每一种匹配模式执行进一步处理脚本。 如果均不匹配，显示可用信息到标准错误输出。 #!/bin/sh if [ $# != 1 ] echo “Usage:`basename $0` [Start|stop|help]” exit 1 fi OPT=$1 case $OPT in start) echo “starting…” ;; stop) echo “stopping…” ;; help) echo “stopping…” ;; *) echo “Usage:`basename $0` [Start|stop|help]” exit 1 esac exit 0 for for循环一般格式为： for 变量名 in 列表 do 命令1 命令2? done f