医院点滴自动控制系统的设计.doc

本 科 毕 业 设 计 医院点滴自动控制系统的设计 摘要 医院点滴自动控制系统是实现医院输液系统智能化的重要组成部分，也是构建现代化、智能化医院的重要指标。本设计主要采用多块STC12C5A60S2单片机作为系统的从机, 采用一块STC12C5A60S2单片机作为该系统的主机，系统所有的从机都可以在主机的控制下完成相应的操作，也可以脱离主机的控制自主完成对点滴速度控制的操作；系统主从机间的信息交流主要通过电力线载波通信的方法实现，主要由LM1893模块实现对数据信号的调制和解调，实现了信号在电力线上的传输，从而达到系统主从机间的两线制多机通信的功能；系统同时采用红外光电管作为点滴滴速的检测装置，保证了系统检测滴速的可靠性和精度。以步进电机作为本设计的执行机构，采用增量式PID算法实现单片机对步进电机的精确控制，步进电机在接收到单片机的信号脉冲后，作出正转或则反转相应步数的操作，从而实现对点滴管管径的挤压或者释放，最后达到精确控制点滴滴速的目的。此外，还扩充了声光报警等功能。经调试及多次测试，该控制系统运行可靠，实现了医院输液的智能化控制的要求。通过此次设计，充分体会到医院点滴自动控制系统实现的最大难点在于实现主从机间可靠的通信和对点滴速度精确的控制。本设计还反应出一些医院点滴自动控制系统在实际应用中所要面临的问题以及探讨了解决这些问题的相关方法。 关键词：单片机；多机通信；电力线载波通信 ABSTRACT The hospital is to realize the automatic control system for every hospital infusion system intellectualization, also an important part of building the modern, an important index of intelligent hospital. This design mainly USES the chunks STC12C5A60S2 single chip microcomputer as system from the machine, with a STC12C5A60S2 single chip microcomputer as the system of the host, system from machine can all finished in under the control of the host, also can corresponding operation control of the completed independently from the host of dropping speed control operation；System information exchange between a master-slave machine mainly through the power line carrier-current communication method of realization by LM1893 module implements, mainly for data signal modulation and demodulation, realized the signal of transmission on power line, thus achieved the system between the subordinate machine two wire multicomputer communication function; Based on infrared system at the same time as the point of drops speed with testing unit, ensure that the system test dripping speed reliability and precision. By stepping motor as the design of actuators, adopt incremental PID algorithm of stepping motor microcontroller the precise control, stepping motor at receive MCU signal pulse, make are turning or reverse the corresponding operation, so as to realize the steps of intravenous dr