土层厚度对刺槐旱季水分状况和生长的影响-植物生态学报.PDFVIP

植物生态学报 2013, 37 (3): 248–255 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00025 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 土层厚度对刺槐旱季水分状况和生长的影响 王 林 冯锦霞 万贤崇* 中国林业科学研究院新技术研究所, 北京 100091 摘 要 该研究测定了旱季和雨季刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林不同土层厚度的土壤含水量, 刺槐的树高、胸径、小枝凌晨 13 水势、叶片碳稳定同位素组成(δ C)、叶面积、比叶重和气体交换指标; 分析了刺槐旱季和雨季的水分状况和土层厚度之间 的关系; 通过刺槐对季节性干旱胁迫的反应, 估计华北石质山区不同土层厚度土壤水分对刺槐的承载能力; 并求证近年来该 地区刺槐衰败和水分因素的关系。结果显示: 随着土层厚度减小, 旱季土壤含水量下降、凌晨小枝水势降低; 气孔导度和最 大光合速率都减小, 而瞬时水分利用效率增加, 雨季上述指标无显著性差异, 旱季土壤含水量只有雨季的60%左右。随着土 13 层变薄, 刺槐叶片δ C增高, 叶面积减小, 比叶重增加; 刺槐树高和胸径减小。以上结果表明: 刺槐在不同季节下的水分状况 综合反映土壤的供水能力, 土层浅薄导致土壤水分承载力不足, 致使刺槐在旱季受到较严重的水分胁迫, 这可能是刺槐出现 衰败的重要原因。 关键词 气体交换, 叶片形态, 凌晨水势, 刺槐, 土层厚度, 碳稳定同位素组成(δ13C) Effects of soil thickness on dry-season water relations and growth in Robinia pseudoacacia * WANG Lin, FENG Jin-Xia, and WAN Xian-Chong Chinese Academy of Forestry, Institute of New Forestry Technology, Beijing 100091, China Abstract Aims Our main purposes were to explore effects of soil thickness on the soil water carrying capacity of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) forests and to investigate the role of soil moisture in causing decline of black locust forests in regions of northern China in recent years. Methods We measured soil moisture, pre-dawn twig water potential and gas exchange of black locust in the dry season and wet season. We also measured stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of leaf, leaf morphology and growth of black locust. Combined with the differential response in the dry season and wet season, we analyzed the rela- tionship between water status of black locust and the soil thickness. Important findings In the dry season, the twig pre-dawn water potentia