[化学]醇酚和醚.ppt

Based on McMurry, Organic Chemistry, Chapter 17, 6th edition, (c) 2003 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Based on McMurry’s Fundmentals of Organic Chemistry, 5th edition, Chapter 8 Lecture Outlet Naming alcohols, phenols ethers Physical properties of alcohols, phenols ethers Boiling point -- Hydrogen bonding Acidity Preparation of alcohols Hydration of alkenes Reduction of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters) Reactions of alcohols Dehydration of alcohols Alcohols, Phenols Ethers Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp3) Phenols contain an OH group connected to a carbon in a benzene ring Ethers have an oxygen atom bonded to two organic groups (alkyl, aryl, vinyl) Methanol, CH3OH, called methyl alcohol, is a common solvent, a flavoring agent, produced in large quantities Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, called ethyl alcohol, is a solvent, a fuel additive, a beverage Phenol, C6H5OH has diverse uses - it gives its name to the general class of compounds Diethyl ether, CH3OCH3 has medical use as an anesthetic agent 10.1 Naming Alcohols General classifications of alcohols based on substitution on C to which OH is attached Methyl (C has 3 H’s, CH3OH), Primary (1°, RCH2OH) (C has two H’s, one R), secondary (2°, R2CHOH) (C has one H, two R’s), tertiary (3°, R3COH) (C has no H, 3 R’s) 10.1.2 IUPAC Rules for Naming Alcohols Select the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl group, and derive the parent name by replacing the -e ending of the corresponding alkane with -ol Number the carbons of the parent chain from the end nearer the hydroxyl group Number all substituents according to position on the chain, listing the substituents in alphabetical order Many Alcohols Have Common Names These are accepted by IUPAC 10.1.2 Naming Phenols The word phenol is used both as the name of a specific substance (hydroxy benzene) and as the family name for all hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds. Number other substituents on the aromatic ring by th