[英语学习]06Chapter 6_pragmatics.pptVIP

Chapter SevenPragmatics(the Analysis of Meaning in Context) 1.1 Origin of Pragmatics Pragmatics is a relatively new branch of linguistics. Pragmatics was put forward as early as 1938 in the book Foundation of the Theory of Signs by Charles Morris (1938:6) the study of signs as “semiotics” can be subdivided into three parts: Semantics the relations between signs and the objects Syntax the relations between signs and signs Pragmatics the relations between signs and interpreters 1.2 Definition of Pragmatics: Analysis of Meaning in Context The study of language in use. The study of intentional meaning. The study of speakers’ meaning, utterance meaning, contextual meaning. Speaker’s meaning (A father is trying to get his 3-year-old daughter to stop lifting up her dress to display her new underwear to the assemble.) Father: We don’t DO that. Daughter: I KNOW, Daddy. You don’t WEAR dresses. Utterance Meaning vs. Sentence Meaning Utterance vs. Sentence Sentence: abstract units of the language system. Utterance: units of language in use. Sentence meaning: What does X mean? Utterance meaning: What do you mean by X? Ex. 1. Dog! 2. My bag is heavy. It’s cold here. Contextual Meaning: meaning in context The meaning of the sentence depends on who the speaker is , who the hearer is, when and where it is used. Semantic meaning: the more constant, inherent side of meaning Pragmatic meaning: the more indeterminate, the more closely related to context 1.A: Are you going to the seminar? B: It’s on linguistics. 2.A: Would you like some coffee? B: Coffee would keep me awake. 3.A: 我带的钱不够，今天买不了。 B: 那就下次再买吧。 2. Deixis Deixis: originally from Greek, means ‘pointing’ via language. An expression used by a speaker/writer to identify somet