New Energy Sources(BP新能源报告）.ppt

* * * Nov 07 Nickle’s has article about nitrogen fracturing to improve CBM recovery, including “FracHammer” technique, which allows sudden pressure from than N rather than gradual build-up. * Total gas wells in WCSB: 17,700; prior to 2006, 6000 was total of all CBM wells drilled; Total production only 500 MMcfd, 3% of Alberta’s total gas production; Horseshoe Canyon formation (bet Edm Calgary) wells expect 20-40 years of production * * Alberta Research Council methane research began with study of CCS. Luca Technologies of Colorado is planning first field trial. * In Colorado, Wyoming and Utah *from chairman of Colorado Oil Shales conference * * Overlying methane hydrates dissociate into reservoir below, recharging the reservoir In 2008 this is happening in a field in Russia, but not elsewhere. * * * * * * * *e.g. adding Ca carbonate to convert linestone to ca sulphate to capture the sulphur or by scrubbing the combustion gases to remove the above or by by using a fluidized bed reactor * Sasol uses a process similar to FT * * * * * Several US states and Can provinces require ethanol use in gasoline * Note general use of the term to refer to hydroelectric power produced by damming rivers. * California is US leader, best climate conditions * * Large turbine to provide elec for 1000 homes costs about $5 million (Haywood) China’s goal is to generate 15 percent of the country’s energy from renewables by 2020 (Earth Policy2008) * Geysers, volcanoes, hot springs in California US is largest producer of geothermal energy (Haywood) * * * Where Are Hydrates Found? On all continental shelves, at water depths of 500 m Buried in sediments (10-100 m deep) under ocean floors Abundant in South China Sea Also in India, Japan, and South Korea OGJ Oct 16 2006 Research in Gas Hydrates Extensive field tests in Mackenzie Delta in Canada (5 countries involved) and Alaska’s North Slope China will spend $100 million on research in next decade Gas Hydrate Problems Soft sediments liquef