Levodopa Past Present and Future左旋多巴过去的现在和未来.pdfVIP

Review Eur Neurol 2009;62:1–8 Received: September 9, 2008 DOI: 10.1159/000215875 Accepted: February 2, 2009 Published online: April 30, 2009 Levodopa: Past, Present, and Future Robert A. Hauser Departments of Neurology, Molecular Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla. , USA Key Words Introduction Levodopa Levodopa, historical perspective Levodopa therapy, complications Parkinson’s disease Dopa Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multisystem disorder decarboxylase inhibition Catechol- O -methyltransferase characterized by the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic inhibition neurons [1–3] . The cardinal motor features of PD – trem- or, rigidity, and bradykinesia – emerge when a significant proportion of substantia nigra dopamine neurons have Abstract been lost and striatal dopamine has been reduced by 60 Levodopa has been the mainstay of treatment for Parkin- to 80% ( fig. 1 ) [4–6] . son’s disease (PD) for more than 40 years. During this time,