基础化学教学chapter3-20140923-7y.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * 这些化合物是分子型化合物，它们可以溶解在水中形成混合物， 但它们不能形成离子，是电中性而不能形成电流所以属于非电解质。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * II. Solubility (溶解度) §5. Precipitation-Dissolution Equilibria The dissolved (molar) concentration of electrolyte in solution is called its (molar) solubility (S). It has the same unit as concentrations. AaBb (s) aAn+ (aq) + bBm- (aq) S aS bS §5. Precipitation-Dissolution Equilibria Example 3-14: By experiment, it is found that 1.2×10-3 mol of lead(II) iodide, PbI2, dissolves in 1 L of aqueous solution at 25 oC. What is the solubility product constant at this temperature? Solution: ? 1.2×10-3 mol of PbI2 dissolves in 1 L solution to form 1.2×10-3 mol·L-1 Pb2+ and 2×(1.2×10-3) mol·L-1 I-, therefore, Example 3-15: The mineral fluorite is calcium fluorite, CaF2. Calculate the solubility of CaF2 in water from the solubility product constant (3.4×10-11). Solution: ? Assume the solubility of CaF2 in water is s mol·L-1, then, under the equilibrium state, the concentration of Ca2+ and F- should be s mol·L-1 and 2 s mol·L-1, respectively. Therefore, unit of solubility §5. Precipitation-Dissolution Equilibria §5. Precipitation-Dissolution Equilibria Solubility product constants for some sulfides at 25 oC Cinnabar on Dolomite “辰、锦者为最”辰州朱砂出于 洞中石壁的白玉床上 “小者如箭簇，大者如芙蓉”、 “光明可鉴，研者鲜红” “唯取好砂研末，以流水飞三次用” “朱砂镇养心神，但宜生服。” 朱砂，甘，微寒，无毒。 §5. Precipitation-Dissolution Equilibria An x-ray photograph of a patient’s colon (large intestine) The colon shows up after the patient has ingested an aqueous suspension of barium sulfate, which is opaque to x rays. Even though free barium ion is toxic, barium sulfate is harmless because it is so insoluble. Ksp for barium sulfate is 1.08×10-10 §5. Precipitation-Dissolution Equilibria §5. Precipitation-Dissolution Equilibria For the same form of slightly soluble electrolytes (left column), Ksp can be used directly to compare their solubility. Different form of slightly soluble