小型车载起重机设计[机械毕业论文 答辩通过].doc

摘要 小型车载起重机属于臂架型起重装置，集起重和运输于一体，结构紧凑、易于操作，不仅节省劳动力，而且极大的降低了工作强度、提高了工作效率。广泛应用于交通运输、港口和仓库中。 本设计的小型车载起重机，最大起重量为2吨，安装在中型吨位的东风牌DFL1203A型载货货车的驾驶室和货车货箱之间，起升吊臂的结构采用同步伸缩的方式实现三节臂同时伸出或缩回，提高效率。回转结构采用立柱和车架的连接体作为支承并使用回转液压缸实现回转机构的旋转。 所设计的起升机构包括液压马达、减速机、棘轮停止器和卷筒几部分。减速机用来降低液压马达驱动速度，根据变速比，确定了其具体型号。卷筒用于绕进或放出钢丝绳，根据工作条件和起重量，对卷筒和钢丝绳的具体规格进行了设计。棘轮停止器用来防止逆转，根据所受的弯矩和压力，对其进行了设计。 变幅机构用来改变起重机幅度，包括臂架系统和变幅传动系统。本文中，采用了伸缩式、箱形结构。箱形结构内装有伸缩油缸，起重装置的变幅可通过液压缸实现。 回转机构包括回转支承装置和回转驱动装置，并采用蜗轮蜗杆减速机和液压马达。这种结构自重轻，受力合理，运行平稳。 关键词：车载起重机 起升机构 变幅机构 液压回转机构 起重臂 同步伸缩 ABSTRACT Small car crane is a boom-type lifting device, set the lifting and transport in one, compact, easy to operate, not only labor-saving, but also greatly reduces the intensity of the work, improve work efficiency. Widely used in transportation, ports and warehouses. The design of the small car crane, maximum weight of 2 tons, installed in the the medium tonnage Dongfeng brand DFL1203A type laden truck cab and truck cargo box between the structure of the lifting jib synchronous scalable way to achieve three arm extends or retracts and improve efficiency. The swing structure using the uprights and the connection of the frame body as the support and use of the the slewing hydraulic cylinder to achieve the rotation of the rotation mechanism. The winch mechanism consists of hydraulic motor, decelerating machine, ratchet wheel stopping machine and reel. Decelerating machine lowers the speed of the hydraulic motor for driving, and its size was defined according to the ratio of the speed variety. The reel is to wind or unwind the load hoisting wire rope. The sizes of the reel and the wire rope were designed according to the work condition and the rise weight. Ratchet wheel stop is used to stop the converse motion, and it was decided by the pressure the gear bears. The arm-changing mechanism is the system that changes the arm range of the boom-crane. It includes the arm system and the arm-changing moving system. In this paper, flexible arm type and box form str