[英语学习]科技论文英文摘要写作方法.ppt

英文摘要的类别与组成要素 Background/ Purposes: Case Report: Conclusion Background and purpose: Data Source: Study Selection Data Extraction: Data Synthesis Conclusions Objective(s): Method(s): Result(s): Conclusion (s) 结构式 Summary : one paragraph 传统式 Screening for HIV: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Abstract: Background and Purpose: HIV infection affects 850,000 to 950,000 persons in the U. S. The management and outcomes of HIV infection have changed substantially since the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued recommendations in 1996. The study is to synthesize the evidence on risks and benefits of screening for HIV infection. Data Sources: MEDLINE, the Cochrance Library, reference lists, and experts. Study Selection: Studies example of screening, risk factor assessment, accuracy of testing, follow-up testing, and efficacy of interventions. Data Extractions: Data on settings, patients, interventions, and outcomes were abstracted for included studies; quality was graded according to criteria developed by the Task Force. Data Synthesis: No trials directly link screening for HIV with clinical outcomes. Many HIV-infected persons in the United States currently receive diagnosis at advanced stages of disease, and almost all with progress to AIDS if untreated. Screening based on risk factors could identify persons at substantially higher risk but would miss a substantial proportion of those infected. Screening tests for HIV are extremely accurate (99%). Acceptance rates for screening and use of recommended intervention vary widely. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) substantially reduces the risk for clinical progression or death in patients with immunologically advanced disease. Along with other adverse events, HAART is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular complications, although absolute rates are low after 3 to 4 years. Limitations: Data are insufficient to estimate the effects of screening a