[英语学习]第4章 如何写作四种常用文体的作文.ppt

大 学 英 语 写 作 基 础 College English Writing:A Basic Course 第四章 如何写作四种常用文体的作文 文体，即文章体裁，是按不同的表达方式划分的文章类型。常用的文体有四种：记叙文、描写文、说明文和议论文。每种文体各有特色。但实际上，很少有纯粹属于哪一类体裁的文章。 一、记叙文（narration） 记叙文是以写人、叙事、绘景为主要内容，以记叙为主要表达方式的一种文体。记叙的内容可以实写，也可以虚写。记叙文的范围很广，故事、传记、历史事件、新闻通讯、报告文学、游记、参观记、访问记、回忆录、寓言等，都属于广义的记叙文的范畴。但大学英语考试中的记叙文写作主要限定在狭义的范畴里，即强调叙述真实的人物和具体的事物。记叙可长可短；可用第一人称，也可用第三人称等。但记叙文通常都包含时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果等6大要素。 1.记叙文写作的要领 在进行记叙文写作时，我们要注意以下几点： (1)要有明确的中心思想。 (2)要有恰当的叙事角度。 (3)要恰当选择细节。 (4)要有明确的情景，叙述清楚，条理清晰。一般地说，我们应该在记叙文开头就交待清楚与事件有关的人物、时间、地点和起因，进而讲述事件的经过和结局，这正是记叙文的六大要素，即：5W和1H: when, where, who, what, why, and how。 (5)要合理布局全文。 2．常用记叙的方式 记叙的方式多种多样，有顺叙、倒叙、插叙、概括叙述、具体叙述和夹叙夹议6种。在这里，我们只谈论前3种最常用的叙述方式。 （1）顺叙 顺叙就是按照事件发生、发展、高潮、结局的自然先后顺序进行叙述，或以时间来推移，地点的前后变化，人物出现的先后次序来叙述。 My First Weekend at College After one week’s study, I get my first weekend at college. This weekend was very wonderful for we had our first classmates meeting. At about 7:30 am., I went out of the dormitory and set off for the school dining hall—Guixiangyuan, where one of my classmates and I ordered whatever we’d like to eat. There we met each other and then we went together to the classmates meeting place—Wuhan University. It took us ten minutes to walk there. When we arrived, I saw many classmates waiting there, who all looked very happy to see us, and I felt happy, too. I missed them very much for I hadn’t seen them for four months. At about 9:30 am., we set off for our destination—the East Lake. There we saw many interesting things and enjoyed many beautiful views. About one hour later, we went boating. We were divided into three groups and ordered three boats. Then we began boating in the lake. It rained a little that day, which made us feel more romantic. At noon, we had a picnic in the park. After lunch we had a walk in it, enjoying the beautiful scenes. And at about 5:00 pm., we went back to Central China Normal University. All of us felt so happy that were all eager to have our