句子成分 文档.docVIP

写作技能突破 句子成分 主语/谓语/宾语 写作离不开句子, 要写好英语的句子, 首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成, 能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。 句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语, 其中主语与谓语是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。本单元复习主语、谓语和宾语。 一、主语 主话表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。 练习: 请找出下列句子的主语。 The boy comes from America. ( ___________________ ) 2. He usually went to school alone. ( ___________________ ) 3. Studying English is very important. ( _______________________________ ) 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. ( _______________________________ ) 5. That he won the prize excited everyone. ( ____________________________ ) 6. It is important for us to have our dreams. ( ____________________________ ) 7. It is obvious that he was wrong. ( _________________________________ ) 8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. ( _________________________________ ) 结论：主语一般由名词、_________________, 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括 ______、______ 还有 ________)。另外, 当句子的主语为 __________、__________或 _________时, 主语部分太长, 为使句子平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语。 二、 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作 (即主语做了什么事)、状态或特征。谓语由动词或短语动词充当, 或者由“系动词+表语”构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外, 谓语总是位于主语的后面, 即“主语谓语”。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语, 连系动词与表语一起构成谓语, 情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语, 助动词与动词的适当形式(如：原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式? 1. His parents are teachers.( _______________________ ) 2. The sun rises in the east.( _______________________ ) 3. We have finished reading the book. ( ______________________________ ) 4. You ought to work harder. ( ______________________________ ) 5. I felt cold. ( ___________________________ ) 6. He doesn’t like music. ( ___________________________ ) 三、宾语 宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词(me, her等), 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当 (包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语, 间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做, 直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下, 宾语都在动词后面, 顺序是: 主语 → 谓语 → 宾语。 练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。 1. He has never met her in person. ( ____________________________ ) 2. She handed him a book. ( ________________________________ ) 3. He likes to play basketball.( ________________________________ ) 4. We enjoy listening to the music. ( __________________