(系统解剖学课件）7.传导道--下行性.ppt

运动传导通路 运动传导通路 皮质脊髓束 运动传导通路 皮质核束 运动传导通路核上瘫与核下瘫 运动传导通路上下运动神经元损伤 运动传导通路锥体外系 Reticulospinal Tracts. The pontine reticulospinal tract(s) shown in the previous image continues to descend in a medial position via the medial longitudinal fasciculus to reach the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord. In the medulla, another tract arises from both sides of the reticular formation (from the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis) to form a bilateral medullary reticulospinal tract. It descends just lateral to the pontine reticulospinal tract. Both tracts (the pontine component is larger) descend throughout the spinal cord anteriorly. They have a complex and widespread influence on voluntary and reflex movements, on muscle tone, and on the central transmission of sensory inputs. Tectospinal Tract, Midbrain and Pons Levels. The tectospinal tract originates in the superior colliculus (tectum), crosses as a dorsal tegmental decussation and descends contralaterally in the opposite pontine tegmentum somewhat medial to the central tegmental tract, near the midline. The superior colliculus receives somatosensory and auditory input, as well as visual input from both the retina and visual cortex. The function of the tectospinal tract is not well-understood in humans, but it is believed to be involved in the control of orienting movements of the head. Tectospinal Tract, Pons and Medulla Levels. The top image is a close-up of the pontine tegmentum at the level of the trigeminal motor nucleus. The tectospinal tract descends near the midline ventral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus, seen here at both the pons and medulla levels. In its further descent through the medulla it will be incorporated into the medial longitudinal fasciculus before it reaches the spinal cord. Reticular Formation. The reticular formation is a region of the brainstem that forms a central core (outlined in red) within the tegmentum. It comprises a host of nuclei and connections forming a very complex n