普通地质学(英文)教材教学课件.ppt

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Carbonates Characteristics of most marine carbonate environments: Warm water Tropical climate (30 ° N - 30 ° S of equator) Shallow water (less than 200 m deep) Clear water (low to no terrigenous input) Sunlight required for photosynthesis by algae SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Carbonates SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Carbonates Origin of carbonate sediments Much lime mud forms from the disintegration of calcareous algae (such as Halimeda and Penicillus). When the calcareous algae die, their skeletons break down and disintegrate producing aragonite needle muds. These lime muds lithify to form fine-grained limestone. SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Carbonates Fossiliferous limestone Biomicrite Biosparite SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Cross-bedding or Cross-stratification SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Cross-bedding or Cross-stratification Beds in which one set is inclined to others Advance of delta or dunes Current dominated environment Wind or water Slope of cross-bed can indicates current or prevailing wind direction SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Cross-bedding or Cross-stratification Tabular or Planar SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Cross-bedding or Cross-stratification Trough SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Graded beds SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Sole marks SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Flute casts SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Tool marks SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Planar Cross-beds SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Trough Cross-beds SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Oscillation ripples SEDI