物流英语unit_5_JIT教材教学课件.ppt

Just-in-time and lean systems Just-in-time (JIT) is one of the widely adopted and practiced philosophy as well as technique. It is based on the simple idea that wherever possible no activity should take place in a system until there is a need for it. Toyota production system In the mid 1950s, Toyota management studied mass production in the US and found: The room of cutting down costs outweighed the benefits brought by scale Enterprises were not accustomed to market changes, nor employees’ creativity encouraged. JIT enabled Japan to tap the automobile market in the US in 1980s The Japanese Philosophy Waste is anything that does not add value from the customer point of view Storage, inspection, delay, waiting in queues, and defective products do not add value and are 100% waste Pull system vs push system Demand “pull” Product “push” Customers suppliers Factory warehouse Factory Components Work-in-progress Finished products Finished products Pull system A pull system uses signals to request production and delivery from upstream stations Upstream stations only produce when signaled By pulling material in small lots, inventory cushions are removed, exposing problems and emphasizing continual improvement Inventory hides variability Inventory level Unreliable customers Inaccurate forecasts Volatile demand Late deliveries Quality problems To be just in time Waste reduction Variability reduction Supplier partnership Layout Distance reduction Employees scheduling Waste reduction Faster delivery, reduced work-in-process, and faster throughput all reduce waste Reduced waste reduces room for errors emphasizing quality Reduced inventory releases assets for other productive purposes Variability Reduction JIT systems require managers to reduce variability caused by both internal and external factors Variability is any deviation from the optimum process Inventory hides variability Less variability results in less waste Causes of Variability Employees, machines,