大学物理试卷含答案.docVIP

大学物理试卷 得分 评阅人 一、基础知识题（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分） Find the angle between the two vectors and Solution Suppose you try to move your crate full of equipment by tying a rope around it and pulling upward at an angle above the horizontal on the rope. Find the angle at which you need the minimum force to keep the crate moving with constant velocity. Solution It is possible to bank a curve with radius R at just the right angle so that a car traveling at a certain speed can safely make the turn even if there is no friction. At what angle should the curve be banked? Solution What is the thermal efficiency of an engine that operates by taking n moles of a diatomic ideal gas through the cycle of a → b → c → a? Solution 得分 评阅人 二、计算题（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分） A primitive yo-yo is made by wrapping a string several times around a solid cylinder with mass M and radius R. You hold the end of the string stationary while releasing the cylinder with no initial motion. The string unwinds but does not slip or stretch as the cylinder drops and rotates. Find the tension in the string and the speed of the center of mass of the solid cylinder after it has dropped a distance h. Solution A 50.0-kg woman stands up in a 60.0-kg canoe of length 5.00m. She walks from a point 1.00m from one end to a point 1.00m from the other end. If resistance to motion of the canoe in the water can be neglected, how far does the canoe move during this process? Solution The canoe moves 1.36 meters in the opposite direction. 得分 评阅人 三、叙述题（10分） If a woman in a train could walk down the aisle at 0.30and the train could move at 0.90in the same direction, then what would be her speed relative to the ground? Is it 1.20 or 0.94? Explain in terms of range of validity about Newtonian mechanics. Solution It would be 0.94C. Because when a speed approaches the speed of light, the velocity-addition equation of New