[工程科技]Labor Division to Pattern Generation and Functional Action is An Essential Characteristic o.pdfVIP

Yong Fu The Four Basic Mechanisms of Pattern Generation in Evolution Page 1 of 41 The Four Basic Mechanisms of Pattern Generation in Evolution Yong Fu * Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA Abstract Heteromapping uses one type of evolution to generate patterns for another type of evolution through a stable causal chain. As biological heteromapping, translation uses DNA evolution as the source domain to generate patterns for protein evolution. Because the evolutionary landscape of DNA is much smoother than that of protein, the patterns generated by translation are more diverse than the intrinsic patterns of proteins. Moreover, one-dimensional DNA can be preserved in the various types of operations in three-dimensional space, such as replication, segregation, and recombination. In contrast, three-dimensional cellular structures are destroyed in these operations in three-dimensional space. Therefore, the complexity of cell is stored as the DNA patterns, which are preserved, selected, and accumulated in evolution. The biological heteromapping finally results in the complex terrestrial life in long-term evolution. Generally, the pattern in the source domain of heteromapping is the so-called information. The unidirection of translation is to protect the patterns in DNA from the harmful feedbacks from degenerated proteins through retrotranslation. In other words, the unidirection of translation couples the fate of DNA patterns with the cell rather than with proteins in natural selection. When the fate of information couples to the host rather than the components in natural selection, the complexity of host is maximized in evolution. This is the generalized cen