[经济学]Ch 01 Introduction to Macroeconomics.ppt

Why learn Macroeconomics?为何学习宏观经济学？ This is a required course, stupid question… But really there are some topics we do care about. 但确实有些问题我们很关心： Why does the cost of living keep rising? 为什么生活成本一直在上升？ Why are millions of people unemployed, even when the economy is booming? 为什么即使经济在繁荣期也有数百万人失业？ Why are there recessions? Can the government do anything to combat recessions? Should it?? 为什么会有萧条？政府可以做什么事情来防止萧条吗？它应该行动吗？ Why learn Macroeconomics?为何学习宏观经济学？ What is the government budget deficit? How does it affect the economy? 政府的财政赤字是什么？它如何影响经济？ Why does China have such a huge trade surplus? While the U.S. has a huge trade deficit? 为什么中国有巨额的贸易盈余而美国有巨额贸易赤字？ Why are so many countries poor? What policies might help them grow out of poverty? 为什么有很多穷国？什么政策可以帮助他们脱贫？ U.S. Gross Domestic Product in billions of 1996 dollars Why learn Macroeconomics?为何学习宏观经济学？ The macroeconomy affects society’s well-being.宏观经济影响社会福利 example: Unemployment and social problems 失业和社会问题 Unemployment and social problems失业和社会问题：美国的数据 Each one-point increase in the unemployment rate is associated with: 920 more suicides 多920起自杀 650 more homicides 多650起谋杀 4000 more people admitted to state mental institutions 州立精神病院增加4000个病人 3300 more people sent to state prisons 州立监狱增加3300个犯人 37,000 more deaths 增加37000例死亡 increases in domestic violence and homelessness 家庭暴力和无家可归上升 Why learn Macroeconomics? The macroeconomy affects society’s well-being. example: Unemployment and social problems Unemployment and earnings growth失业和收入的增长 部分学校MBA应届毕业生起薪中位数 Interest rates and mortgage payments利率和按揭贷款 Why learn Macroeconomics? Inflation and Unemployment in Election Years选举年的通胀和失业 year U rate inflation rate elec. outcome 1976 7.7% 5.8% Carter (D) 1980 7.1% 13.5% Reagan (R) 1984 7.5% 4.3% Reagan (R) 1988 5.5% 4.1% Bush I (R) 1992 7.5% 3.0% Clinton (D) 1996 5.4% 3.3% Clinton (D) 2000 4.0% 3.4% Bush II (R) 2004 5.5% 2.7% Bush II (R) 2008 Financial Crisis