赵老师非谓语动词之不定式经典讲义.doc

非谓语动词 （）概述： 在英语中，不能做句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式；动名词；现在分词；过去分词。 1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有： 1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用 They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. 2）都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. 3）都有主动与被动, 时态（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。 He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态） He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式） We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时） Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词完成式） 4）都可以有逻辑主语 (非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。) They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语） The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语） She likes helping others .Moved by my words, her father told me the truth. 2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有： 1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 3）非谓语动词有副词作用（如不定式和分词），在句中作状语。 （二）非谓语动词的句法功能： 句子成分 非谓语 主语 表语 宾语 补语 定语 状语 同位语 不定式 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 动名词 ( ( ( （极少） ( ( 现在分词 ( ( ( ( 过去分词 ( ( ( ( 动词不定式：to+do，具有名词形容词、副词的特征。 不定式的形式： 主 动 被 动 一般式 to write to be written 进行式 to be writing / 完成式 to have written to have been written 否定式：not + (to) do 1）一般式（to do, to be done）： 表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后 I’m glad to meet you. We plan to pay a visit. The work is to be done soon. 2）进行式(to be doing)： 表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生 The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. 3）完成式(to have done, to have been done)： 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 I regretted to have told a lie. The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 不定式： 1）作主语： 动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)不定式置于句首 To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。 ①It＋be＋名词＋to do 用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s dutyjob, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等 Its our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do做某事花费某人多长时间 It tto finish the work. ③. It is＋adj (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋ to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciti