英语初学者必须掌握的语音基础.docVIP

英语语音基础知识．关于语音的几个概念 1字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2音标：词的语音形式。 3音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素，分为元音音素和辅音音素两大类。其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。 元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称作元音。元音发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍，是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。 辅音：不论声带振动与否，发声时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定阻碍，这样的语音称为辅音。辅音发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍，不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。（其中包括[ts]、[dz]、[tr]、[dr]） 。 4音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, 5开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name， bike ; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 6闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, , sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 7重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 . 元音： [i:] he, see [i] sit, miss [e] bed, desk, head [?] bad, [a:] fast, class, plant [?] hot, want [?:] door, sport, warm, bought [u:] good, who, blue, soup [u] look, put, women, could [∧] cup, come, but [?:] girl, work, nurse [?] ago, forget, dollar, doctor [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great [ai] bike, light, try, find, height, eye [?u] phone, cold. know [au] house, how [?i] boy, toy [i?] dear, idea, here [ε?] pear, there, hair [u?] tour, poor 三. 容易混淆的元音 1)[e] [?] bed --bad men-- man pen--pan 2)[i:] [ei] greet--great read-- raid 3)[e] [ai] red --write said --side 4)[au] [?:] house—horse 5)[au] [∧] about-but 四. 辅音 [p] pen, [b] bed, big [t] tell, student [d] day, played, wanted [k] cold, quick, back [g] big, go, language [m] man， milk [n] nine, autumn [η] bank, uncle, English, sing, [r] read, write, [l] world，luck [f] five, [v] of，live [h] hot, who, hour [θ] think, thank [s] sit, miss, scarf [ e] this,[z] zoo, close, [з] pleasure，treasure [∫] sure, she [w] wall, what [j] Yes， [t∫] child, teach [dз] joke, bridge [ts] eats， students [dz] goods [tr] tree， trip [dr] dream， 五. 容易混淆的辅音 1)[v] -[w] vet –wet vest --west; very-- well 2)[s] -[θ] sink—think miss—myth 3)[z]- [e] closing—clothing breeze—breathe 4)[n] -[η] thin –thing sin –sing 六．拼音方法: 辅音在前, 元音在后,相拼。 元音在前, 辅音在后, 照读。 七. 特殊读音 1.音的连读：在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。 not at all 2.失去爆破：所谓失爆（或者爆破），是指当[p]，[b]，[t]，[d]，[k]，[]连贯出现在