第十三章__各类文体的翻译概要.ppt

第十三章 各类文体的翻译 13.1 文学文体的翻译 文学作品不同于应用文等实用性文体。文学是一门语言的艺术，用文字传达思想感情，塑造生动的形象，对读者施加一种特殊的感染力。在文学翻译中，译者既要再现原作的文体风格，又要再现原作的语言艺术。下面将就文学文体的语言特点来讨论文学翻译的特点。 一、文学文体的特点： 文学文体主要包括散文、小说、戏剧、诗歌几大类体裁，它们之间存在明显差异，但是使用的文学语言却有着共同的基本特点。在翻译的过程中，必须调动目标语言的一切手段来尽力再现原文的语言特点。 （一）形象性 文学语言最显著的特点是它的形象性。无论是小说、散文、戏剧还是诗歌，都力图以各种语言手段在读者的脑海中塑造生动鲜明的形象，以达到表情达意的效果。 1.… He was a lovely boy, clad in skeleton leaves and the juices that ooze out of trees but the most entrancing thing about him was that he had all his first teeth. When he saw she was a grown-up, he gnashed the little pearls at her. （二）抒情性 在科技文章中，当叙述科学事实或理论时，使用的语言是客观、中性、不带感情色彩的，而在文学作品中，语言往往为渲染的需要带上了浓重的抒情性。运用得当，就能大大提高作品的感染力。 2. It is the East, and Juliet is the sun! Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon… （三）含蓄性 通篇直白的文学作品很难说是好的文学作品。好的文学作品往往留下足够的空间让读者去想像、去思索、去回味。因此，含蓄性也是文学语言的一大特色。 3. When they entered, they found hanging upon the wall a splendid portrait of their master as they had last seen him, in all the wonder of his exquisite youth and beauty. Lying on the floor was a dead man, in evening dress, with a knife in his heart. He was withered, wrinkled, and loathsome of visage. It was not till they had examined the rings that they recognized who it was. （四）象征性 文学作品中大量采用象征的手法，而对象征手法的理解往往牵涉到对文化背景和作者本人的了解。有的象征是处于同一文化、乃至不同文化中的人们所共同使用的，如红玫瑰代表爱情，过去西方文化中的象征，现在则被许多东方的文化接受了。 4.… Through one violet-stained window a soft light glowed, where, no doubt, the organist loitered over the keys, making sure of his mastery of the coming Sabbath anthem. （五）韵律感 文学作品中经常采取押韵、节奏、拟声等手段增强语言的形象性和生动性。 Romance is the privilege of the rich, not the profession of the unemployed. The poor should be practical and prosaic. （六）讽刺和幽默 文学作品的含蓄性与讽刺和幽默是密不可分的。借助讽刺和幽默，往往能收到比直接批判或直接赞扬更好的效果，因为与其把观点强加给读者，不如引导读者自己去得出结论。 5. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession pf a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of