(精选)miRNA概述 miRNA.presentation教学课件.pptVIP

Nature Reviews Genetics 5; 631(2004); doi:10.1038/nrg1415 MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation Nature Reviews Genetics 5; 631(2004); doi:10.1038/nrg1415MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation Figure 2?|?The current model for the biogenesis and post-transcriptional suppression of microRNAs and small interfering RNAs. microRNAs 1. Derived from an endogenous, structured transcript (pre-miRNA) 2. One miRNA accumulates 3. Evolutionary conserved 4. Usually located away from genes 5. Imperfect pairing blocks translation 6. Incorporated into miRNP 7. Regulate expression of genes encoded at another locus 8. miRNAs bind to the target 3 UTRs through imperfect complementarity at multiple sites siRNAs 1. Derived from extended dsRNA 2. Each dsRNA gives multiple siRNAs 3. Less conservation 4. Nearly complementary to target RNA (self-targeting) 5. Perfect pairing induces target RNA cleavage 6. Incorporated into RISC 7. Regulate the locus from which their sequence derives 8. siRNAs often form a perfect duplex with their targets at only one site. miRNAs and siRNAs — whats the difference? Figure 1?|? The molecular hallmarks of lin-4, the founding member of the microRNA family.? Fig. 1: C. elegans worms that contain mutations in the let-7 miRNA gene develop abnormally, often rupturing at the midsection. The let-7 miRNA is expressed in most animals, including humans, where it may also play an essential role in regulating development. Fig. 1. Correlation between FRAs and miRs. A karyotype showing the position of 113 FRAs and 186 miRs is presented. The 61 miRs located in the same chromosomal band as the FRA are red. We were able to precisely locate 35 miRs inside 12 cloned FRAs. The red arrow shows frequently observed FRAs Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers George Adrian Calin*?, Cinzia Sevignani*?, Calin Dan Dumitru*, Terry Hyslop?, Evan Noch*, Sai Yendamuri*, Masayoshi Shim