明清时期徽州宗族的权力支配及其在徽州村治中的作用.pdfVIP

明清时期徽州宗族的权力支配及其在徽州村治中的作用 摘 要 明清时期的徽州已经成为宗族制度发展非常完备的典型区域。徽 州宗族为了维护它在族众间的权威，获得自身发展的物质、文化条件， 便努力通过与族内、族外的力量互动钩织和强化自身的社会政治网络。 徽州宗族主持祭祀大权管理族内事务、教育本族子弟，鼓励宗族 积极分子参与和管理地方社会事务；它通过族规家法完善自身的统治 秩序；它还通过修族谱、建祠堂，对族众实行道德上的软约束，最终 实现了对族众的文化控制。在徽州宗族的外围，它与会社、保甲组织、 乡约组织进行有效的政治来往，进而掌握了民间统治的主动权。 徽州宗族政治活动的基本目的是扩大宗族权力在徽州村治中的作 用，实现宗族自身的利益最大化。在这一过程中，宗族权力表现出的 身份多重性、文化渗透性、利益驱动性、权力推移性十分明显。徽州 宗族权力支配体系在乡村治理中的积极作为极大地促进了徽州宗族整 体的发展，进一步巩固了封建宗法制堡垒，促进了徽州宗族权力的再 生性扩张。 关键词：徽州宗族 权力支配 乡村治理 THE POWER CONTROL AND EFFECT OF HUIZHOU PATRIARCHAL CLANS IN THE MING AND QING DYNASTY ABSTRACT In the Ming and Qing dynasty, Huizhou clan has become a very complete clan system to develop a typical regional. In order to preserve its authority among ethnic minority, access to self-development material and cultural conditions, Huizhou clan works with the family, the force out of the clan to strengthen their own socio-political network. In the Ming and Qing dynasty, Huizhou clan organizations in the manage of the sacrificial power in the race ，educates the children of their clans and encourages the clans political elites positively participating in and managing social affairs in the place. Through formulation and family’s rules, the Huizhou clan has realized the preventive organization control. Positively restoring the genealogy and constructing the ancestral temple, the Huizhou clan implements soft constraints of moral control and ultimately achieves the purpose of cultural control to clansmen. In the external of Huizhou clan, it associates with Clubs, Baojia organizations and Xiangyue organizatio