(食品营养与安全)Chapter11Diet and health.ppt

Chapter 11 Diet and health If there is any deficiency in food or exercise, the body will fall sick. ----Hippocrates, c 400 B.C. ---希波克拉底，约公元前460-公元前370，古希腊医师，称医药之父 Leading Causes of Death Diseases that afflict people and cause death fall into 2 categories Infectious diseases—传染性疾病 Degenerative diseases—退行性疾病 Other causes of death: accidents, violence, suicide Many have some link to diet /or lifestyle choices Leading Causes of Death Infectious diseases Antibiotics and vaccines have cured infectious diseases. Barriers to infection: The proper functioning of these barriers is vital for prevention of or coping with infections Skin and mucous membranes Immune cells and antibodies Nutrition and Immunity Good nutrition extremely important! Malnutrition ---- decreased immunity and decreased antibodies Defense system weakened by malnutrition Nutrition and Immunity Dietary deficiencies and toxicities that impair immunity Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) Vitamins A, D, E, F, B’s, and C deficiencies Iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, and selenium deficiencies Iron and zinc toxicities Malnutrition is especially harmful in the very thin, very young, very old, the poor, and those hospitalized or already suffering from chronic illness. Degenerative Diseases Lifestyle choices and risk factors Risk factor includes environmental, behavioral, social and genetic factors. Risk factors are additive. Some diseases have more risk factors than others. Risk factor Genetics Age High fat diet* Sedentary life style* Stress (distress) Excessive alcohol intake* Low complex carbohydrates* Smoking and chewing tobacco* Low fluoride intake* High sugar intake* Low calcium intake* Low vitamin and mineral intake* High salt intake* Environmental contaminants 1. Nutrition and Atherosclerosis ※Atherosclerosis: the most common form of cardiovascular disease; characterized by plaques along the inner walls of the arteries. Arteriosclerosis refers to all forms of hardening of the arteries and includes some