第一章节核物理幻灯片.pptVIP

1.带电粒子与物质相互作用 光电效应 康普顿效应 电子对效应 产生次级电子 电离效应 次级电子使 物质原子电离 ?射线 第1步 初级作用 第2步 次级作用 2. ?射线与物质相互作用 光电效应、康普顿效应、电子对生成 光电效应 自由电子 作用机制： 光子同(整个)原子作用把自己的全部能量传递给原子，壳层中某一电子获得动能克服原子束缚跑出来，成为自由电子，光子本身消失了。 γ + A ? A* + e- （光电子） 原子 ? A + X射线 原子 受激原子 电子对效应： 能量≥1.02MeV的?射线与原子核作用可能产生一对正负电子。 M ＋ ? → M + e+ + e- → ?1 + ?2 1.02 MeV me me 0.511MeV 0.511MeV 基本条件： ?射线能量 E?≥1.02 MeV 为什麽？ 能量转化成质量 M = E /C2 正电子湮灭： 正电子与负电子相遇发生湮灭，产生两个0.511MeV的γ光子。 e+ + e- → ? + ? me+ + me - = 0.511 + 0.511 MeV 质量转化为能量 转化效率 （100%） γ γ 电子对的生成和与物质的相互作用 谢 谢 * Discuss charges of protons and electrons. * * Stress how large this particle is. Compare again to bowling using a bowling ball. The Alpha gets a lot of energy because it is very hard to move the very large nucleus. Compare to putting a fire cracker under a cup and setting the cup on a truck. The cup (alpha) is shot off and the truck is not moved. Remind individuals of difference of beta particle energies and discrete energies of alphas. Discuss the likelihood of another radioactive isotope remaining after decay. They need to understand that even though the atom decays, it might decay into another radioactive atom. Do they know what the material they work with decays into? * Nucleus, nuetrino or antineutrino and beta or positron share energy. What does it decay to? Is it radioactive? * Inner orbitals most important. These must be full. Talk briefly about x-ray machines and how this relates to how x-rays are produced. Also bring up bremstrahlung and how they are created in an x-ray machine. * Stress that they are photons, but they come from the nucleus. Does their radioactive material give off gamma photons once it emits a beta? * Stress that they are photons, but they come from the nucleus. Does their radioact