兵家思想知识讲稿.ppt

中国古典十大名曲 十面埋伏 《夏日绝句》 生当作人杰， 死亦为鬼雄。 至今思项羽， 不肯过江东。　－－李清照 霸王别姬 力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮骓不逝。 骓不逝兮可奈何？虞兮虞兮奈若何！ 汉兵已略地，四面楚歌声。 大王意气尽，贱妾何聊生。 《十面埋伏》和《霸王卸甲》 《楚汉》后来演化为两个不同的版本，即《十面埋伏》和《霸王卸甲》。虽然反映相同的历史题材，但两支曲子立意完全不同。《十面埋伏》的主角是刘邦和汉军，重点内容是“十面埋伏”、“鸡鸣山小战”、“九里山大战”等，乐曲高昂激越、气势磅礴；而《霸王卸甲》的主角是项羽和楚军，重点段落是“楚歌”、“别姬”，乐曲沉雄悲壮，又凄楚宛转，重在描述项羽在四面楚歌声中与虞姬诀别的场面。前者是赞歌，后者则是挽歌。 名家点评 杜牧《题乌江项羽庙》诗云：“胜败兵家不可期，包羞忍耻是男儿。江东子弟多豪俊，卷土重来未可知。” 朱光潜說：“悲剧人物一般都有非凡的力量，坚强的意志和不屈不挠的精神，他们常常代表某种力量或理想，并以超人的坚決和毅力把它们坚持到底。” 毛泽东《人民解放军占领南京 》：“宜将胜勇追穷寇，不可沽名学霸王。 ” 9. Sun Wu and The Arts of War Sun Wu Sun Wu, whose courtesy name was Changqing, was born at Le’an (now Huimin, Shandong Province) in about 535 B.C . Revered as “Sun Zi (or Sun Tzu)”, he was a well-known military strategist in late Spring and Autumn Period. The Art of War In his theories, the art of war lies in the strategies of conquering the enemy. He held that five factors are of pivotal importance in the military affairs, that is, dao (the moral law), tian (heaven), di (earth), jiang (the commander), and fa (method and discipline). Dao refers to political strategies, which require the monarch and his people to make concerted efforts to support the war. The Art of War Tian and di refer to the natural conditions in warfare. Jiang refers to the qualities of the military commander, in which “zhi (wit), xin (credibility), ren (benevolence), yong (courage), yan (strictness)” are a must. Fa refers to the relevant rules and regulations during warfare. Decrees must be issued and the systems of penalties and rewards must be applied to reinforce these rules and regulations and to heighten morale. 《孙子兵法》 故知兵之将， 民之司命。 国家安危之主也。 　——《作战第二 》 《孙子兵法》 主不可以怒而兴师， 将不可以愠而攻战。 合于利而动， 不合于利而 止。 怒可以复喜， 愠可以复说， 亡国不可以复存， 死者不可以复生。 故明主慎之， 良将警 之。 此安国全军之道也。 ——《火攻第十二 》 《孙子兵法》 是故百战百胜， 非善之善也； 不战而屈人之兵， 善之善者也。 故上兵伐谋， 其次伐交， 其次伐兵， 其下攻城。 　　　《谋攻第三 》