第一讲 情态动词.docVIP

第一讲 情态动词 概念 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与普通动词一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。 种类 an- could能够may- might可以，也许must- must必须have to- had to必须，不得不need-needed需要dare-dared敢于shall-should应该will愿意ought to应该 ??? （1）情态动词+行为动词完成式 ??? （2）情态动词+行为动词进行式 ??? （3）情态动词+行为动词完成进行式 ??? （4）某些情态动词的特殊用法 3.1情态动词+行为动词完成式 ??? 情态动词+行为动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + v-ed分词”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。 1. must have v-ed表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为：can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。例如： ??? 1）Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night. ??? 2）You couldn’t have met my grandmother. She died before you were born. 2. could have v-ed表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。例如： ??? 1）“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?” ??? 2）“Tom could have taken it. He was alone yesterday.” 3. may / might have v-ed表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如： ??? I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 4. ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have v-ed用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如： ??? 1）With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night. ??? 2）You ought not to make fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 5. needn’t have v-ed表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。例如： ??? You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today. ??? 注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如： ??? “I wonder how Tom knew about your past.” ??? “He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.” 情态动词+行为动词进行式 情态动词+行为动词进行式（即情态动词+ be + v-ing形式），表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如： ??? 1）He must be playing basketball in the room. ??? 2）She may be staying at home. 情态动词+行为动词完成进行式 情态动词+行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式），表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如： 1）They should have been meeting to discuss the problem. 2）He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him. 某些情态动词的特殊用法 1. need 考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别，对此，可参见表1.need 作情态动词时，后面跟不带to 的动词不定式，即 “need to”。通常用在疑问句和否定句