亚欧文化差异对学习方式的影响LEARNING+STYLES+OF+ASIAN+AND+EUROPEAN+MARKETING+MANAGERS.docVIP

LEARNING STYLES OF ASIAN AND EUROPEAN MARKETING MANAGERS Parissa Haghirian, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration Abstract Knowledge management has evolved from the concept of “organizational learning”. Therefore learning plays an important role in the knowledge transfer process and differs very strongly according to the cultural learning tradition. In this paper different aspects concerning learning styles in Asia and Europe are discussed. The paper presents the results of an empirical investigation on learning styles conducted in four countries (Austria, Germany, Japan and Korea) among 261 marketing managers. Ren zhi chu, xing ben shan, Xing xiang jin, xi xiang yuan Man, by nature, is good; people’s inborn characters are similar, but learning makes them different Three Character Classic; San Zi Jing, Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1127 – 1279) Introduction Knowledge has been recognised as a primary resource of organizations (Drucker 1992). Some authors propose that knowledge is a company’s only enduring source of advantage in an increasingly competitive world (Birkinshaw 2001). Dealing with knowledge creation, transfer, and exploitation will be increasingly critical to the survival and success of corporations, and of societies (Hedlund and Nonaka, 1993). These developments raise the question about the organization of knowledge processes within a company. Knowledge is a product of human reflection (De Long and Fahey, 2000) and refers to information embedded in the context of system-specific patterns of experience and is always for a specific purpose (Willke 1998). This is the reason why it enables the individual to decide, act and trigger new questions (Kriwet 1997). Knowledge is what we come to believe and value on the basis of the meaningfully organised accumulation of information (messages) through experience, communication, or interference. Knowledge can be viewed as a thing to be stored and manipulated and as a process of simultaneously knowi