毕业论文外文翻译-桥梁工程(箱梁)_精品.doc

外文资料原文： 13 Box girders 13.1 General The box girder is the most ?exible bridge deck form. It can cover a range of spans from 25 m up to the largest non-suspended concrete decks built, of the order of 300 m. Single box girders may also carry decks up to 30 m wide. For the longer span beams, beyond about 50 m, they are practically the only feasible deck section. For the shorter spans they are in competition with most of the other deck types discussed in this book. The advantages of the box form are principally its high structural ef?ciency (5.4), which minimises the prestress force required to resist a given bending moment, and its great torsional strength with the capacity this gives to re-centre eccentric live loads, minimising the prestress required to carry them. The box form lends itself to many of the highly productive methods of bridge construction that have been progressively re?ned over the last 50 years, such as precast segmental construction with or without epoxy resin in the joints, balanced cantilever erection either cast in-situ or coupled with precast segmental construction, and incremental launching (Chapter 15). 13.2 Cast-in-situ construction of boxes 13.2.1 General One of the main disadvantages of box decks is that they are dif?cult to cast in-situ due to the inaccessibility of the bottom slab and the need to extract the internal shutter. Either the box has to be designed so that the entire cross section may be cast in one continuous pour, or the cross section has to be cast in stages. 13.2.2 Casting the deck cross section in stages The most common method of building box decks in situ is to cast the cross section in stages. Either, the bottom slab is cast ?rst with the webs and top slab cast in a second phase, or the webs and bottom slab constitute the ?rst phase, completed by the top slab. When the bottom slab is cast ?rst, the construction joint is usually located just above the slab, giving a kic