(汉英笔译基础教程）第15章风格不符.ppt

第十五章 风格不符 旧式正式英语： To some scholars, instruction emanates from lecture or laboratory; to others it radiates from within. No scholar is so well taught as he who can teach himself. 现代正式英语： Although learning is judged to require from teachers (and sometimes indeed it does), the real instructions may be found not so much in school or in great laboratories as in the student’s own powers of insight. 一般非正式英语： We think we learn from teachers, and we sometimes do. But the teachers are not always to be found in school or in great laboratories. Sometimes what we learn depends upon our own powers of insight. 口语题非正式英语： You know, people are always saying they learn from teachers! OK, so they do, sometimes. But what I want to get across is this: you don’t always find your teachers in schools or in labs, either. No sir! Sometimes you find the teacher right in your own eyes and ears and brains. That’s where it’s at! 从措辞来看，正式英语多选择庄重、抽象、多音节的French或Latin的词语，如：scholar, instruction, lecture, emanate, radiate, insight等；而非正式英语多选用短小、具体、常用的Anglo-Saxon 词语，如：think, learn, say, get across, eyes, ear, brains, be at等。 从句式来看，正式英语多用抽象概念作主语，被动句，从属结构，句子偏长；而非正式英语则多采用人称主语，主动句，简单句或并列句，句子偏短。 汉语也有类似的风格：古朴的文言、端重严谨的现代汉语、通顺晓畅的现代汉语和通俗的汉语口语体，基本与英语的正式等级对应。 15.1.1 古朴文言 孙子曰：昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之可胜。故曰：胜可知而不可为。 SunTzu said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy. To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands, but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself. Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat, but can not make certain of defeating the enemy. Hence the saying: One may know how to conquer without being able to do it. 15.1.1 古朴文言 孙子曰：昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之可胜。故曰：胜可知而不可为。 Sunzi said: The skilled commanders of the past first made themselves invulnerable, then waited for the enemy’s moment of vulnerability. In