Convection Currents and the Mantle地幔对流和.pptVIP

So… What are convection currents? What and where is the mantle? And… What do they have to do with each other? There are things called convection currents in the mantle. Convection currents in the mantle help the continents to move! Earths molten outer core is nearly as hot as the surface of the sun. That’s about 10,000 degrees!!! Properties like heat can move from one object to another. The movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called heat transfer. Heat is always transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler substance There are three types of heat transfer: Radiation Conduction Convection The transfer of energy through empty space is called radiation. Sunlight is radiation that warms Earths surface. Heat transfer by radiation takes place with no direct contact between a heat source and an object. A familiar form of radiation includes the heat you feel around a flame or open fire. Heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter is called conduction. Heat transfer involving the movement of fluids—liquids and gases—is called convection. Convection is heat transfer by the movement of a heated fluid. Heated particles of fluid begin to flow, transferring heat energy from one part of the fluid to another. Heat transfer by convection is caused by Differences of temperature Density within a fluid. When a liquid or gas is heated, the particles move faster. As the particles move faster, they spread apart. Because the particles of the heated fluid are farther apart, they occupy more space. This decreases density. But when a fluid cools, its particles move more slowly and settle together more closely. This increases density. Remember that a convection current is the flow that transfers heat within a fluid. The heating and cooling of the fluid changes the fluids density, and the force of gravity helps set convection currents in motion. Convection currents continue as long as heat is added. The asthenosphere is the so