Exponential Carrier Wave Modulation - TKK …指数载波调制TKK….pptVIP

S-72.245 Transmission Methods in Telecommunication Systems (4 cr) Carrier Wave Modulation Systems Analog Carrier Wave Systems Carrier wave techniques form a bases for telecommunication systems Topics today in CW-applications: Single conversion radio receiver FM radio (analog) stereo multiplexing Measurement equipment Spectrum analyzer Multiplexing techniques Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Quadrature-carrier multiplexing Phase-locked loop (PLL) FM-demodulator frequency synthesis Costas loop Single-conversion receiver* Assume reception of a bandpass signal Multiplication at the receiver with the local oscillator signal having frequency of fLO yields signals at two CW-bands Therefore, IF can be selected asor LO can be selected as Mirror frequency Select for IF for instance For the reason that cos is even function there are two frequency bands that convert to intermediate frequency namelyThis means that both bandpass signals at the received frequencies are converted to the intermediate frequency. Example: Assume we settherefore receiver picks signals at the bands of However, this is usually not wanted, and the other band must be filtered away by the first bandpass filter at the receiver Filtering mirror frequencies(image rejection filtering) SC basic characteristics SC can be used with all CW methods The RF stage provides image rejection The IF stage provides gain and interference rejection note that the fractional BW= BT/fIF is selected by adjusting fIF Remember from the second lecture that system design is easier if the fractional bandwidth is kept relatively small: For analog FM broadcasting:when it was required Tuning of the receiver to a desired band is easy by adjusting the local oscillator. (Often BRF is selected to be so wide and fLO so high that the first bandpass filter (amplifier) center frequency requires no tuning, as usually in FM radios) Scanning spectrum analyzer VCO, BRF and BIF filters form together a s