EMISSIONS TRADING排放交易.pptVIP

EMISSIONS TRADING Content of our presentation Part 1 Part 2 Types of Carbon Fund Issued Principle of Trading and Carbon Market Trading Contract Part 3 EU ETC Clean Development Mechanism Join Implementation Structure, charts, prices Part 4 Risk involved by Emission Trading Performance Risk : Technology Risk Registration Risk ; Delivery Risk Price Volatility High Transactions Cost for small scale projects Concequences Part 1 The Polluter-pays principle The idea that polluting emissions should be taxed in order that those who create them bear the costs of their action. The principle of allowing pollution to occur, but taxing it, derives from Pigou in 1932. It is an app-roach that contrasts with banning pollution outright or allowing it within certain limits. THE ADVANTAGE of taxing it is that if the tax rate covers the damage or suffering caused by pollution, it will pay firms to pollute only if the benefits of them so doing outweigh the costs. The tax will also generate revenue that can be used to compensate those who suffer most. Pollution tax could be a tax on the carbon content of fossile fuels to offset the atmospheric warming effect of the carbon dioxide they produce - a carbon tax. What is Emissions Trading ? A new asset, a new world The threat of global warming is increasing ”that the economic costs of global warming could be far greater than the costs of acting to limit it Now !”. The Kyoto Protocol In 1990 the UNs Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (of which the USA is the largest funder) reported on the problem of global warming, which is by far the most important and serious environmental issue. It was once considered a long-term problem. In 1997 a protocol was adopted at Kyoto under which countries form