DATA AND STATISTICS - California State University, Northridge数据和加利福尼亚州立大学北岭分校统计，.pptVIP

Slides by JOHN LOUCKS St. Edward抯 University Chapter 1 Data and Statistics I need help! Applications in Business and Economics Data Data Sources Descriptive Statistics Statistical Inference Statistical Analysis Using Microsoft Excel Applications in Business and Economics Accounting Economics Public accounting firms use statistical sampling procedures when conducting audits for their clients. Economists use statistical information in making forecasts about the future of the economy or some aspect of it. Applications in Business and Economics A variety of statistical quality control charts are used to monitor the output of a production process. Production Electronic point-of-sale scanners at retail checkout counters are used to collect data for a variety of marketing research applications. Marketing Applications in Business and Economics Financial advisors use price-earnings ratios and dividend yields to guide their investment recommendations. Finance Data and Data Sets Data are the facts and figures collected, summarized, analyzed, and interpreted. The data collected in a particular study are referred to as the data set. The elements are the entities on which data are collected. A variable is a characteristic of interest for the elements. The set of measurements collected for a particular element is called an observation. The total number of data values in a data set is the number of elements multiplied by the number of variables. Elements, Variables, and Observations Stock Annual Earn/ Exchange Sales($M) Share($) Data, Data Sets, Elements, Variables, and Observations Company Dataram EnergySouth Keystone LandCare Psychemedics NQ 73.10 0.86 N 74.00 1.67 N 365.70 0.86 NQ 111.40 0.33 N 17.60 0.13 Variables Element Names Data Set Observation Scales