Farm and Food Prices - Derived Demand农业和食品价格衍生需求.pptVIP

Farm and Food Prices - Derived Demand AG BM 102 Introduction Consumers rarely buy directly from farmers Instead farmers sell to marketing service providers, who process, store, transport, and otherwise add utility, and who sell to the consumer Hence, retail demand is not farm demand Eggs Farmers sell nest run eggs to packer The packers wash, candle, inspect, and sort the eggs The eggs are sold to the supermarket The consumer buys the eggs These marketing services cost about 50 cents per dozen Egg Demand Quantity Doz/cap/yr. Retail Price $/doz. Marketing Cost Farm Price 17 $1.30 $0.50 $0.80 18 $1.20 $0.50 $0.70 19 $1.10 $0.50 $0.60 20 $1.00 $0.50 $0.50 21 $0.90 $0.50 $0.40 22 $0.80 $0.50 $0.30 23 $0.70 $0.50 $0.20 24 $0.60 $0.50 $0.10 25 $0.50 $0.50 $0.00 Farm Egg Supply Quantity Price 17 $0.00 18 $0.10 19 $0.20 20 $0.30 21 $0.40 22 $0.50 23 $0.60 Some Points about Graph Equilibrium where DF and SF cross This is P = $0.40/doz and Q = 21 doz./cap. At this quantity Mc = $0.50 and PR = $0.90 No incentive to move Farm price = Retail price – marketing cost Demand Equations Elasticities Some Notes Farm Demand is derived from retail demand When farm market is in equilibrium it defines retail market as well Farm demand elasticity is always less elastic than retail Farmer is separated from consumer by marketing sector If marketing costs rise, farm price goes down and retail price goes up FlexibilityThe percent change in price in response to a 1 % change in quantity Flexibility Applies especially to the demand for agricultural products Useful in recognizing that quantity is predetermined and prices adjust to clear market Strawberries, tomatoes, other non-storable products Calculate Flexibility Since the farm level flexibility is greater farm prices move more as the quantity supplied increases