Resonance - MIT Mathematics共振-麻省理工学院数学.pptVIP

420 nm [ Notomi et al. (2005). ] Resonance an oscillating mode trapped for a long time in some volume (of light, sound, …) frequency w0 lifetime t 2π/w0 quality factor Q = w0t/2 energy ~ e–w0t/Q modal volume V [ Schliesser et al., PRL 97, 243905 (2006) ] [ Eichenfield et al. Nature Photonics 1, 416 (2007) ] [ C.-W. Wong, APL 84, 1242 (2004). ] Why Resonance? an oscillating mode trapped for a long time in some volume ? long time = narrow bandwidth … filters (WDM, etc.) — 1/Q = fractional bandwidth ? resonant processes allow one to “impedance match” hard-to-couple inputs/outputs ? long time, small V … enhanced wave/matter interaction — lasers, nonlinear optics, opto-mechanical coupling, sensors, LEDs, thermal sources, … How Resonance? need mechanism to trap light for long time [ ] metallic cavities: good for microwave, dissipative for infrared ring/disc/sphere resonators: a waveguide bent in circle, bending loss ~ exp(–radius) [ Xu Lipson (2005) ] 10μm [ Akahane, Nature 425, 944 (2003) ] photonic bandgaps (complete or partial + index-guiding) VCSEL [fotonik.dtu.dk] (planar Si slab) Understanding Resonant Systems [ Schliesser et al., PRL 97, 243905 (2006) ] ? Option 1: Simulate the whole thing exactly — many powerful numerical tools — limited insight into a single system — can be difficult, especially for weak effects (nonlinearities, etc.) ? Option 2: Solve each component separately, couple with explicit perturbative method (one kind of “coupled-mode” theory) ? Option 3: abstract the geometry into its most generic form …write down the most general possible equations …constrain by fundamental laws (conservation of energy) …solve for universal behaviors of a whole class of devices … characterized via specific parameters from option 2 “Temporal coupled-mode theory” Generic form developed by Haus, Louisell, others in 1960s early 1970s Haus, Waves Fields in Optoelectronics (1984) Reviewed in our Ph