External Sandhi - University of Kentucky外部变调-肯塔基大学.pptVIP

Sandhi 1 Rules of external sandhi for anusvàra: 1. Word-final m ? ü before a word-initial consonant: devam + pa?yati `s/he sees the god devaü pa?yati devam + dadar?a `s/he saw the god devaü dadar?a p?rvam + sattvam `the former existence p?rvaü sattvam Rules of external sandhi for anusvàra: 2. Optionally, ü becomes a homorganic nasal before a following consonant: ? ü ? ? before a velar consonant ü ? ¤ before a palatal consonant ü ? ? before a retroflex consonant ü ? n before a dental consonant ü ? m before a labial consonant devaü + dadar?a `s/he saw the god devan dadar?a This assimilation takes place neither before the fricatives (?, ù, s, h) nor before r, and happens only rarely before the other semivowels: ü ? ?? before y ü ? ?? before v ü ? l? before l ? a?vaü + vinà `without a horse a?va?? vinà (written A?v!~ ivna ) Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 1. A word-final visarga remains unchanged before a word-initial labial or velar voiceless stop: ? ya?at + pràpa `s/he obtained fame ya?at pràpa puruùat + khanati `the man digs puruùat khanati Rules of external sandhi for visarga: Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 3. Word-final àt ? à before any voiced sound: ? devàt + gacchanti `the gods go devà gacchanti devàt + àsate `the gods sit devà àsate Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 4. Word-final at ? o before any voiced consonant: devat + gacchati `the god goes devo gacchati devat + rocate `the god shines devo rocate Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 5. Word-final at ? a before any vowel other than short a: devat + àste `the god sits deva àste devat + iha `the god here deva iha Rules of external sandhi for visarga: 6. When word-final at is followed by a, at ? o and the following a is elided (where elision is indicated by the used of the