Dose Calculation Models A Empirical Models and Algorithms剂量计算模型的实证模型和算法.pptVIP

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Dose Calculation Models A Empirical Models and Algorithms剂量计算模型的实证模型和算法.ppt

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Dose Calculation Models A Empirical Models and Algorithms剂量计算模型的实证模型和算法.ppt

Dose CalculationsA qualitative overview of Empirical Models and Algorithms Hanne Kooy Dose Dose is the energy, in Joules (or calories), imparted to mass, in kg: J / kg Unit is Gy “gray,” after Louis Harold Gray (1905 - 65) was a British physicist who worked mainly on the effects of radiation on biological systems, inventing the field of radiobiology as he went. There is NO unit for biological dose Practice CGE, recommendation Gy (RBE) Dose Energy is imparted by the passage of ionizing, charged, particles through matter Particles collide with orbital electrons or nuclei EM processes dominate “Dose” is a measure of the damage to cells inflicted by direct hits to DNA or free radicals (water ions) Radiation Types Controls All: Intensity Typically over the field area e-: Distal depth HCP: Distal and Proximal Depth Dose in Patient Dose Problem Equipment with many dials to set radiation field Patient’s anatomy and presentation dictates dose distribution in situ Dose calculation is “missing” link For photon RT, problem is to 1st order GEOMETRIC Reduces problem to intensity control Permitted RT to evolve based on X-ray analysis of patient only Field Dose Shaping Range Compensation Compute radiological, density-corrected, path lengths, Pi, for each ray from skin surface to the points along the distal edge of target volume For each ray compute “overshoot” range as: Range Compensator Spread-out Bragg peak Dose Modeling Equipment Description in terms of parameters Jaw size, energy, devices Physics as a function of those parameters Either in terms of measurements – or – in terms of explicit MC modeling Physics Develop models to quantify dose in patient Phenomenological to Exact Equipment Modeling Dose Modeling #0 The “old” days Measure ad nauseam Cover all equipment parameters Measurements in lieu of physics model Make plots and tables Overlay on patient anatomy based on external contour and extents of target History of Proton Radiotherapy Dose Modeling Physics, in general,