Neuromuscular Adaptation神经肌肉的适应.pptVIP

Neuromuscular Adaptation Muscle Physiology 420:289 Agenda Introduction Morphological Neural Histochemical Introduction The neuromuscular system readily adapts to various forms of training: Resistance trainin Plyometric training Endurance training Adaptations vary depending on type of training Skeletal muscle adapts in many different ways Morphological Neural Histochemical Agenda Introduction Morphological Neural Histochemical Morphological Adaptations Morphology: The study of the configuration of structure of animals and plants Most obvious morphological adaptation is increase in cross-sectional area (CSA) and/or muscle mass Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia Hypertrophy and Myofibrillar Proliferation Two mechanisms in which protein is accumulated ? muscle growth Increased rate of protein synthesis -Myosin and actin added to periphery of myofibrils Decreased rate of protein degradation -Proteins constantly being degraded -Contractile protein ? life = 7-15 days -Regular and rapid overturn ? adaptability Hypertrophy and Myofibrillar Proliferation Mechanism of action: Myofibrils increase in mass and CSA due to addition of actin/myosin to periphery Myofibrils reach critical mass where forceful actions tear Z-lines longitudinally Myofibril splits Hypertrophy and Myofibrillar Proliferation Hypertrophy of different fiber types: Fast twitch: -Mechanism: Mainly increased rate of synthesis -Potential for hypertrophy: High -Stimulation: Forceful/high intensity actions Slow twitch: -Mechanism: Mainly decreased rate of degradation -Potential of hypertrophy: Low -Stimulation: Low intensity repetitive actions -FT may atropy as ST hypertrophy Hypertrophy and Myofibrillar Proliferation Role of satellite cells History: First identified in 1961 – Thought to be non-functioning Adult myoblasts Believed to be myoblasts that did not fuse into muscle fiber Called satellite cells due to ability to migrate Hypetrophy and Myofibrillar Proliferation Satellite cell activation due to injury: