Electrolyte Solutions - Mr Scotts Chemistry Site：电解质溶液-史葛先生的化学网站.pptVIP

Electrolyte Solutions In chemistry, an electrolyte is any substance containing free ions that make the substance electrically conductive. Commonly, electrolytes are solutions of acids, bases or salts. Electrolyte solutions are normally formed when a salt is placed into a solvent such as water and the individual components dissociate Nearly all life forms require a subtle and complex electrolyte balance between the intracellular and extracellular fluids. In physiology, the primary ions of electrolytes are: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+,Cl?, HPO42?, and HCO3? Biological systems need precise osmotic gradients of electrolytes. Such gradients affect and regulate the hydration of the body as well as blood pH, and are critical for nerve and muscle function. Electrolyte Solutions Dissociation NaCl ? Na+ + Cl- 1.0 molar NaCl ? 1.0 molar Na+ + 1.0 molar Cl- CaCl2 ? Ca2+ + 2 Cl- 1.0 molar CaCl2 ? 1.0 molar Ca2+ + 2.0 molar Cl- AlCl3 ? Al3+ + 3 Cl- 1.0 molar AlCl3 ? 1.0 molar Al3+ + 3.0 molar Cl- Conductivity Conductivity Strong Electrolytes = soluble salts, strong acids, strong bases Weak Electrolytes = slightly soluble salts, weak acids bases; also some molecular substances. (remember non-metal oxide + water ? ?) Non-electrolytes = soluble molecules that do not ionize themselves or water when dissolved. Example Problem 1 Example Problem 2 Example Problem 3 Example Problem 4 * Electrolyte Solutions Electrolyte Solutions If there are dissolved ions, the solution will conduct electricity. Electrolyte Solutions The more ions, the better the solution will conduct electricity. Electrolyte Solutions Electrolyte Solutions What is the molar chloride concentration in a solution that contains 22.3 g of calcium chloride in 378 mL of solution? Electrolyte Solutions How grams of aluminum chloride will be needed to produce 750. mL of a 1.50M chloride solution? Electrolyte Solutions How many moles of ions (cations anions) are contained in 250. mL of a 1.25