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Deuterium’s Role in DNA Degradation Kirk B. Goodall Independent Researcher BA Harvard – MS M.I.T. Tokyo JAPAN November 26, 2003 Copyright 2003 Where is the Hunza Valley, Pakistan? Hunza - The Land of “Shangri-La” What is Unique About Hunza? The Ultar Glacier ! Ultar Glacier Water Irrigates Crops Hisao Wushiki, Nagoya University Ah Ha …Less DeuteriumThat is why they live longer!  Pervasive mutagens known to adversely affect DNA Solar Radiation Low-level Background Radiation Free Radicals Deuterium oxide is also pervasive and known to adversely affect DNA Generally thought to have an effect at concentrations higher than those found in nature (155 ppm) Mainstream researchers have overlooked long term effects of low-level deuterium oxide exposure Adverse effect of deuterium is coupled to radiation and other mutagens that lead to DNA damage Effect of Radiation on Aging in Mice These mice pictured above are all 14 months old. As young adults, nine mice were given sub-lethal doses of radiation and nine others were left as untreated controls. The control mice (left) are still sleek and vigorous at 14 months, while six of the irradiated mice have died and the remaining three show signs of extreme aging. Correlation between lifespan and the relative effectiveness of DNA repair in the cells of certain mammals Hitting the Aging Wall Ionizing Radiation DNA Degradation Hydrogen and Deuterium Bonds in DNA Deuterium has an effect on biological processes through the mechanism of hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonds major play a role in DNA structure and are responsible for the double DNA strand assuming a helical shape. The bonds created by a deuterium atom are stronger than for a normal hydrogen atom. Effect of Deuterium Exchange on Bond Strength for Common Organic Groups Percentage Increase in Hydrogen Bond Strength due to Deuterium Exchange Plausible Mechanisms for Deuterium’s Role in Aging Deuterium Compromise