口腔科学课件（重庆医科大学）4.2英语局麻拔牙12.pptVIP

The root of maxillary first molar(上颌第一恒磨牙牙根) End Diabetes mellitus糖尿病 The blood glucose level is high Decrease blood glucose level to normal Thyrotoxicosis甲亢 The thyrod gland is hyperactive Heart rate and blood pressure should be normal Renal diseases肾脏疾病、liver diseases肝脏疾病 Extraction is deferred until these diseases can be brought under control Menstrual period月经 Extraction bring excessive bleeding pregnancy妊娠期 It is better extraction is deferred until after the child has been delivered Acute infection急性炎症期 The patient can not open mouth enough wide Malignant tumor恶性肿瘤 Tooth is located in malignant tumor Extraction hasten the metastasic process Remove tumour at the same time remove the tooth Section 3 　the steps of tooth extraction (牙拔除术的步骤) 一、sever periodontal ligament(分离牙龈) finger rest(要有支点) 二、use dental elevator(牙挺使用) Fulcrum(支点)： buccal plate of bone(颊侧牙槽骨) never use adjacent tooth as fulcrum (邻牙不能作为支点) 2. Three kinds of force: wedge, lever, wheel and axle(三种力学 楔入、撬动、转动) 3. thumb and fore finger protect adjacent tissue(左手保护) 4. Control force(用力控制) 三、use dental forceps(安放牙钳) Choose the proper forceps(选择器械) The beaks parallel to the tooth(钳喙与牙体长轴平行) thumb and fore finger protect adjacent tissue(左手保护) Amplitude frequency(幅度 频率) 四、extract the diseased tooth(拔除患牙) Three kinds of force: Shank, rotation, traction(３种力：摇动、扭转、牵引) The technique for extraction (各类牙拔除方法) maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor(上颌前牙) Maxillary canine(上颌尖牙) Maxillary first premolar,second premolar (上颌双尖牙) Maxillary first molar(上颌第一磨牙) Maxillary second molar(上颌第二磨牙) Mandibular central incisor, lateral incisor (下颌前牙) Mandibular canine(下颌尖牙) Mandibular first premolar, second premolar(下颌双尖牙) Mandibular first molar(下颌第一磨牙) Mandibular second molar(下颌第二磨牙) 牙根拔除术 Extraction of roots Root forceps extraction (根钳取根法) Root extraction by elevator(牙挺取根 ) Root tip extraction(根尖取根法) Tooth division(分根取根法) Surgical extraction(翻瓣去骨取根法) 五、post extraction management(拔牙创处理) C