外语教学研究方法--统计学基础.pptVIP

Basics of Statistics Key Terms Defined Preliminaries of Testing Comparing Means Correlational Analysis Comparing Frequencies Key Terms Defined (1) Frequency: the number of times a particular value or range of value occurs. —We have of group of 20 students who took a standardized test recently, among whom 2 got 95 scores, 3 got 91, one got 89 and so on so forth. We describe this in another way, 5 of the students’ scores fall within the range of 90—95, 6 within the range of 85—89, and so on so forth. The former is called simple frequency distribution, while the latter grouped frequency distribution. Key Terms Defined (2) Central tendency: a single number that will best represent a whole distribution of measurements, or the number that is usually near the center of distribution, the way to interpret the typical behavior of a group . In statistics we usually use the following to measure central tendency: 1. Arithmetic mean(X-bar) : the sum of the measures divided by their number. 2. Mode. The most frequent score in a set of scores. But sometimes there may be two or more modes. 3. Median. The middle point in a distributions, or the point below which 50 percent of the scores fall and, logically, above which 50 percent fall. Key Terms Defined (3) Dispersion. The way in which we look at how the performance of individuals may vary from that typical behavior. It can be represented as follows: Key Terms Defined (3) Central tendency: a single number that will best represent a whole distribution of measurements, or the number that is usually near the center of distribution. In statistics we usually use the following to measure central tendency. 1. Arithmetic mean (): Preliminaries of Testing Comparing Means Correlational Analysis Comparing Frequencies Comparing Means Correlational Analysis Comparing Frequencies Correlational Analysis Comparing Frequencies Comparing Frequencies Comparing Frequencies * *