哈工大陈鸣网络讲义3节.pptVIP

陈鸣：计算机网络 解放军理工大学计算机系 3-* Mobile Switching Center VLR old BSS new BSS old routing new routing GSM: handoff with common MSC Handoff goal: route call via new base station (without interruption) reasons for handoff: stronger signal to/from new BSS (continuing connectivity, less battery drain) load balance: free up channel in current BSS GSM doesn’t mandate why to perform handoff (policy), only how (mechanism) handoff initiated by old BSS 陈鸣：计算机网络 解放军理工大学计算机系 3-* home network Home MSC PSTN correspondent MSC anchor MSC MSC MSC (a) before handoff GSM: handoff between MSCs anchor MSC: first MSC visited during call call remains routed through anchor MSC new MSCs add on to end of MSC chain as mobile moves to new MSC IS-41 allows optional path minimization step to shorten multi-MSC chain 陈鸣：计算机网络 解放军理工大学计算机系 3-* Wireless, mobility: impact on higher layer protocols logically, impact should be minimal … best effort service model remains unchanged TCP and UDP can (and do) run over wireless, mobile … but performance-wise: packet loss/delay due to bit-errors (discarded packets, delays for link-layer retransmissions), and handoff TCP interprets loss as congestion, will decrease congestion window un-necessarily delay impairments for real-time traffic limited bandwidth of wireless links Any questions? Thanks! * Notes: 3.3 Network Layer: Multicast Routing Algorithms 3-9 * Notes: 3.3 Network Layer: Multicast Routing Algorithms 3-13 * Notes: 3.3 Network Layer: Multicast Routing Algorithms 3-14 * Notes: 3.3 Network Layer: Multicast Routing Algorithms 3-15 陈鸣：计算机网络 解放军理工大学计算机系 3-* IP多播特征(续) 硬件的使用。如网络硬件支持多播，则用硬件组播发送IP多播；如不支持，则用广播或单播传递 网络间的转发。组成员能与多个物理网相连，要有特殊的多播路由器转发IP多播 传递语义。IP 多播使用尽力的交付语义，多播数据报可能出现丢失、迟延、重复以及乱序到达的现象 成员关系和传输。任意主