土木工程英语高级水平UnitBridgestructure.pptVIP

Lesson Plan Review New Words and Phrases Reading and Translating—Unit One Classroom Exercises Review Unit Seventeen Bridge Structure单 元 17桥梁结构 Before a bridge is built, the engineers designing it will have to consider various points such as the best type of bridge for the site suspension, beam or arch, the materials to be used, the sort of loads it must carry, environmental conditions such as high winds or earthquakes, and the most suitable construction methods. Before a bridge is built, the engineers designing it will have to consider various points such as the best type of bridge for the site suspension, beam or arch, the materials to be used, the sort of loads it must carry, environmental conditions such as high winds or earthquakes, and the most suitable construction methods. 在建造一座桥之前，设计工程师必须考虑各种各样的问题，诸如：适用于该施工地点的最佳桥型（悬索桥、梁桥或拱桥）、所用的材料必须承受的荷载类型、环境条件（如强风或地震），及最合适的施工方法等。 The commonest form of bridge construction is the beam. A plank placed across a ditch is a simple beam bridge, and the action of the load is resisted by bending stress in the material. For a simple supported beam, which rests on two supports only, any load acting downwards puts the bottom part of the beam in tension and the top part in compression. These stresses develop sufficient leverage (the technical term is bending moment) to support the load. The forces keeping the beam straight must, by a fundamental law of static, equal the load tending to fold it up. Therefore for a given amount of material, a deep beam will give more leverage than a thin one, and material near the top and bottom faces works to better effect than material in the middle. So for anything more than the smallest bridges, the beams will be fashioned into I- or T-sections or into a hollow box section. The commonest form of bridge construction is the beam. A plank placed across a ditch is a simple beam bridge, and the action of the load is resisted by bending stress in the material. F