CAD 课程设计报告——51单片机最小系统的电路设计[精品].doc

CAD 课程设计报告 摘要 Introduction 1. 课题名称 2. 单片机最小系统的组成原理及作用 3. CAD的发展前途 4. 设计要求 5. 原理图 6. CAD原理图 7. PCB图 8. 总结 参考文献 摘要 AVR单片机是1997年由ATMEL公司研发出的增强型内置Flash的RISC(Reduced?Instruction?Set?CPU)?精简指令集高速8位单片机。AVR的单片机可以广泛应用于计算机外部设备、工业实时控制、仪器仪表、通讯设备、家用电器等各个领域。????AVR单片机主要特性：高可靠性、功能强、高速度、低功耗和低价位?,?一直是衡量单片机性能的重要指标，也是单片机占领市场、赖以生存的必要条件。????AVR单片机硬件结构采取8位机与16位机的折中策略，即采用局部寄存器存堆和单体高速输入/输出的方案，提高了指令执行速度(1Mips/MHz)，增强了功能；同时又减少了对外设管理的开销，相对简化了硬件结构，降低了成本。故AVR单片机在软/硬件开销、速度、性能和成本诸多方面取得了优化平衡，是高性价比的单片机。 本设计采用分层叠式结构，底层为单片机外围硬件功能扩展层，顶层为ATmega16单片机集中系统层。这样有利于兼用AVR跟51系列单片机的开发设计。 ?关键词：?AVR单片机；开发板；单片机实验板；ATmega16单片机； Introduction ?????AVR?Microcontroller?ATMEL?Corporation?in?1997?developed?by?the?enhanced?built-in?Flash?of?the?RISC?(Reduced?Instruction?Set?CPU)?high-speed?8-bit?RISC?microcontroller.?AVR?microcontroller?can?be?widely?used?in?computer?peripherals,?industrial?real-time?control,?instrumentation,?communications?equipment,?household?appliances?and?other?fields.? AVR?microcontroller?main?features:?high?reliability,?strong?function,?high?speed,?low?power?consumption?and?low?cost,?has?been?an?important?indicator?to?measure?performance?of?SCM,?SCM?also?dominate?the?market,?a?necessary?condition?for?survival.? AVR?microcontroller?hardware?structure?to?take?the?16-bit?8-bit?machine?and?the?machines?compromise?strategy,?that?is?kept?by?the?local?register?stack?and?single?high-speed?input?/?output?options,?improved?instruction?execution?speed?(1Mips/MHz),?enhanced?functionality;?while?reduce?the?cost?of?peripheral?administration,?the?relative?simplifies?the?hardware?structure?and?reduce?costs.?Therefore,?AVR?microcontroller?in?software?/?hardware?cost,?speed,?performance?and?cost?optimization?has?made?a?lot?of?balance,?which?is?cost-effective?microcontroller.????The?design?uses?a?sub-stack?structure,?the?underlying?hardware?extensions?for?the?microcontroller?peripheral?layer,?the?top?layer?of?centralized?systems?for?the?ATmega16?microcontroller.?It?is?a?good?used?along?with?the?51?series?AVR?micro